Was sind eigentlich Memes? (2024)

Benjamemes

Ein gutes Meme stirbt nie – ist der Titel des kurzen dokumentarischen Beitrags von ARTEde zu der Entwicklung und Bedeutung von Memes. Schaut gerne hinein und lasst euch mitnehmen und blickt einmal hinter den Vorhang der allgegenwärtigen Memes.

Definition und Ziele

Aber was sind denn eigentlich Memes und warum sollte man darüber sprechen? In seinem Werk „Das egoistische Gen“ (1976) führt Richard Dawkins das erste Mal den Begriff der Memes ein:

The term ‚meme‘ was coined by Richard Dawkins in 1976 to describe small units of culture that spread from person to person by copying or imitation. [J.S.] Since then, the meme concept has been the subject of constant academic debate, derision, and even outright dismissal. Recently, however, the term once kicked out the door by many academics is coming back through the Windows (and other operating systems) of Internet users.

Bereits hier wird deutlich, dass Walter Benjamins These sehr direkt auf die Definition von Memes zutrifft, denn auch hier ist von der Vervielfältigung und Reproduktion die Rede. Es geht bei Memes um Kultur, aktuelle Phänomene und die Weiterverbreitung dieser. Aber reicht das schon aus?
Dawkins stellt dabei eine Analogie von Memes und Genen her, die sich dadurch bedingt, dass Memes genauso wie Gene immer auch eine Information übertragen. Umso spannender ist die Frage, warum bestimmte Memes verstanden werden und andere wiederum nicht. In gewissen Kreisen gibt es Personengruppen, die bestimmte Rahmenbedingungen teilen, die Situationen und Erfahrungen austauschen können und somit im Kontext dieser gemeinsamen Verbindung die Bedeutungen sowie die Anspielungen verstehen und nachempfinden. Diese Personengruppen können zum Beispiel Studierende, Lehrkräfte oder auch unterschiedliche Communities wie LGBTQ oder auch Computerspieler:innen bestimmter Spiele sein. Innerhalb dieser Gruppen werden Insiderwitze, bestimmte Redewendungen und Strukturen ganz anders verstanden. Dabei können genauso aktuelle Ereignisse, Serien oder Filme den Impuls für eine Meme-Reihe sein, die sich wie ein Lauffeuer ausbreitet. Aber was ist das Ziel von Memes?
Es geht nicht nur darum, Informationen zu verbreiten, zu kritisieren oder zu kommentieren, es geht ebenfalls darum, auf eine humoristische oder auch satirische Art sich und seine Gedanken auszuleben und zu artikulieren, was bei anderen wiederum auch ein Gefühl der Dazugehörigkeit, der Unterhaltung oder auch der Kritik vermittelt.

Memes aus der Wissenschaft?

Another fundamental attribute of Internet memes is intertextuality: memes often relate to each other in complex, creative, and surprising ways.

Bei der (wissenschaftlichen) Definition von Memes, verwendet Shifman (2014) den Begriff der Attribute, die er dem Begriff der Internet-Memes zu schreibt. Diese Art der Definition hilft uns dabei, die konkreten Parallelen und Unterschiede zum Kunstwerk herzustellen. Allerdings gibt es immer noch keine Einigkeit über die konkrete Definition des Begriffes und viele Begriffe werden synonym verwendet, was wiederum einen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erschwert.
So gilt es also zunächst erst einmal, eine Definition des Begriffes festzulegen (gern auch durch das Hinzuziehen von Attributen, die der Beschreibung von). Des Weiteren spielt die Austauschbarkeit mit ähnlichen-konkurrierenden Begriffen wie bsp. „viral“ eine zentrale Rolle, bei der Schwierigkeit der Definition.
Zu guter Letzt nennt Shifman als Problem, dass es insgesamt noch wenige Studien zu Memes und deren politisch-gesellschaftliche Wirkung und Bedeutung geben würde. Für die, die etwas mehr in den Meme-Diskurs eintauchen wollen, haben wir einige Zitate rausgesucht. Da der wissenschaftliche Diskurs meistens auf englisch ist, verlinken wir noch einmal den Deepl Übersetzer für diejenigen, die mit dem Englischen noch nicht so vertraut sind.

In the vernacular discourse of netizens, the tag ‚Internet meme‘ is commonly applied to describe the propagation of items such as jokes, rumors, videos, and websites from person to person via the Internet.

[…] it also demonstrates that this new arena of bottom-up expression can blend pop culture, politics, and participation in unexpected ways.

Users seem to have sensed that the meme concept encapsulates some of the most fundamental aspects of contemporary digital culture. […] The term describes cultural reproduction as driven by various means of copying and imitation—practices that have become essential in contemporary digital culture.

Shifman stellt die These auf, dass Memes grundlegend für die digitale Kultur sind. Daraus ergibt sich eine Äquivalenz vom Digitalen zum Analogen Setting, was uns zu unserer Frage geleitet hat,

[…] I explore the utility of memes for understanding digital culture, positing two premises throughout. First, the intense emotions and dramatic statements characterizing both sides of the memes debate need to be toned down.

My second assertion is that we should look at memes from a communication-oriented perspective. Coined by a biologist, the term „meme” has been widely adopted (and disputed) in many disciplines, including psychology, philosophy, anthropology, folklore, and linguistics. For the most part, however, it has been utterly ignored in the field of communication. Until the twenty-first century, mass communication researchers felt comfortable overlooking memes.

Hier erörtert Shifman die Verbindung von Memes und Kommunikation.

While memes and digital culture seem like a match made in heaven, several issues need to be resolved before the concept can be integrated meaningfully into academia and industry.

Bildung im Bildformat

Über uns

Wir sind Studierende des Masterstudiengangs Medienbildung – audiovisuelle Kultur und Kommunikation und diese Internetseite ist im Rahmen des Seminars Theorien der Medien und ihre Bedeutung für die Konzeption von Medienbildung entstanden. Das Format der Internetseite bietet uns als Studierenden die Möglichkeit, euch als Rezipient:innen wissenschaftliche Themen auf eine kreative, greifbare Art nahezubringen, ohne ganze wissenschaftliche Artikel und komplexe Theorien lesen und verstehen zu müssen. Gleichzeitig kann ein Austauschraum geschaffen werden, der gerade zu der digitalen Zeit, eine immer größer werden Rolle spielt. Bei Fragen, Anmerkungen oder Ideen schreibt uns gerne an! Hierzu könnt ihr entweder die rechts eingebaute Kommentarfunktion nutzen, uns per E-Mail kontaktieren, oder uns auf Twitter oder Instagram besuchen. #benjameme.

Und falls ihr euch doch für die Literatur interessiert, findet ihr hier unsere Quellen

Folgt Walter Benjameme

Was sind eigentlich Memes? (2024)

FAQs

What did memes originally mean? ›

meme, unit of cultural information spread by imitation. The term meme (from the Greek mimema, meaning “imitated”) was introduced in 1976 by British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in his work The Selfish Gene. Grumpy Cat.

What is the story behind the meme? ›

The word meme was coined by Richard Dawkins in his 1976 book The Selfish Gene as an attempt to explain how aspects of culture replicate, mutate, and evolve (memetics). Emoticons are among the earliest examples of internet memes, specifically the smiley emoticon ":-)", introduced by Scott Fahlman in 1982.

Are memes illegal in the US? ›

Key takeaways:

It is unlikely that you would be sued for sharing a copyrighted meme on social media or creating a meme using someone else's copyrighted content, since such behavior is usually protected by fair use guidelines.

Who is the original meme? ›

The dancing baby came out in 1996 and is considered by many to be the first digital meme. It took hours to download and was a bit creepy. The dancing baby made the jump to other forms of media by its famous appearance on the hit television series Ally MacBeal.

Why do we call meme? ›

In French, the word “même” translates to “same” and the Greek word “mimoúmai” means “to imitate.” In his book, Dawkins said, “We need a name for the new replicator, a noun that conveys the idea of a unit of cultural transmission, or a unit of imitation.” He wanted to use a monosyllable that sounded like “gene.” Dawkins ...

What is an example of a meme? ›

What's an example of a meme? The most popular memes often feature a recognizable image or video clip that is paired with a witty caption or phrase. For example, the "Distracted Boyfriend" meme features an image of a man looking at another woman while his girlfriend looks on in disapproval.

What is a gif vs meme? ›

Gifs and memes are very similar. The only difference is that gifs are animated and move, while memes are usually static. Recently though, videos, gifs and images have all been used to make memes.

Who made meme famous? ›

Richard Dawkins coined the word meme in his 1976 book The Selfish Gene.

What does a meme symbolize? ›

A meme is a concept or idea that spreads virally from person to person. The most popular memes are usually found on the internet and may be images, videos, phrases, or hashtags. They often convey a humorous point of view, cultural reference, or satirical message.

Can memes be harmful? ›

Memes are right under our noses. While many are quite harmless, it's important to recognize the role they can play in spreading extremism. Sometimes a frog is literally a frog. And sometimes a frog is a vehicle for spreading hate.

Can memes be used against you in court? ›

Not every use of a meme you see online is legal). It is possible to be sued for using another person's meme if you're using it to try to make money. If you're marketing your business, you likely fall into this category, especially if directly marketing a product or service.

Can you sue if someone makes a meme of you? ›

Turns out, you can. There are many reasons for suing someone, and with technology changing the ways in which we interact in both public and private, there are more and more ways to seek legal compensation for harms done.

What is meme short for? ›

The word “meme” comes from the Greek mimema, meaning something that has been “imitated.” According to Britannica, the word was first introduced by Richard Dawkins, a British biologist, in his book The Selfish Gene; his intention was for “meme” to sound similar to "gene.” In his book, Dawkins makes a direct connection ...

Who controls the meme? ›

Elon Musk on X: "'Who controls the memes, controls the universe' – Frank “The Tank” Herbert" / X.

Who actually makes memes? ›

Most memes are designed by users on their own PCs. They will often take a familiar photo or video for this and add their own text or subtitles.

What is the official meaning of meme? ›

meme \MEEM\ noun. 1 : an idea, behavior, style, or usage that spreads from person to person within a culture. 2 : an amusing or interesting item (such as a captioned picture or video) or genre of items that is spread widely online especially through social media.

Why is meme spelled that way? ›

Origin of the Word “Meme”

Richard Dawkins, a British evolutionary biologist, first used the term meme in 1976 in his book The Selfish Gene. The word meme was influenced by the word gene and is the shortened version of mimeme. It was derived from the ancient Greek word “mīmēma,” which means “imitated.”

What is the philosophy behind memes? ›

Supporters of the concept regard memes as cultural analogues to genes in that they self-replicate, mutate, and respond to selective pressures. In popular language, a meme may refer to an Internet meme, typically an image, that is remixed, copied, and circulated in a shared cultural experience online.

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